Citation Information :
Bhargava A, Umarani M, Metgud S, Kotrashetti S, Baliga S. Estimation of Interleukin 1-Beta in Synovial Fluid of Temporomandibular Joint in Cases of Mandibular Fracture: An Original Research. Arch Craniofac Sci 2015; 3 (2):34-41.
BACKGROUND: Mandibular fractures is the main type of TMJ macrotrauma. Malocclusion, unilateral mastication as well as oral habits including bruxism and clenching are included in the category of TMJ microtrauma. The articular disc in TMJ has a primary function of stress distribution. Trauma has been thought to alter the mechanical properties of the disc. TMJ Macrotrauma may cause degeneration of articular cartilage and production of the inflammatory and pain mediators A series of cytokines and chemical mediators are reported to play a major role in various arthropathies for example rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis of TMJ. Among them, typically IL-1 Beta appear to be of importance in pathogenesis of synovitis and in cartilage damage in these joint disease. IL- 1Beta act to induce the production of metalloproteinases that induce matrix degradation. The inflammatory and degenerative changes of TMJ can develop after mandibular fractures.
METHOD: Analysis of TMJ status of 14 mandibular fracture patients were done for synovial fluid biochemical analysis of IL-1 Beta (IL-1 Beta ELISA kit) by a procedure of arthrocentesis. Histomorphic examination, was also performed on the selected patients. Exclusion criteria included high condylar and neck fractures and known cases of degenerative joint disorders.
RESULTS AND OBSERVATION: In biochemical analysis considerable amount of IL- 1Beta was detected in the synovial fluid of patients. On Histomorphic examination, degenerated cells, cartilage, inflammatory cells and crystals were observed.
CONCLUSION: Mandibular fractures can be a possible etiologic factor in cartilage destruction, biochemical and intra-articular pathology. Increased levels of IL-1 Beta could be potential catabolic marker for cartilage degradation in the TMJ. Clinicians should recognize the etiologic importance of TMJ Macrotrauma, and importance of long term evaluation of TMJ
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