Background: Thyroid hormone profoundly influences metabolic processes. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder, can significantly impact skeletal muscle and renal function. In hypothyroidism, muscle involvement often manifests as myopathy with elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, while renal effects may alter serum creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate. However, the extent of these changes and their relationship to hypothyroidism severity, especially in subclinical cases, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate these parameters in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and investigate their correlation with thyroid function. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with hypothyroidism attending the Medicine OPD at Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A with overt hypothyroidism and group B with subclinical hypothyroidism, based on their thyroid function tests. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T₃, free T₄, CPK, and creatinine were measured for all participants. Creatinine clearance was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Statistical analysis included t-tests for group comparisons and Pearson correlation to assess relationships between variables. Results: Serum CPK levels were significantly higher in overt hypothyroidism compared with subclinical hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). Similarly, serum creatinine levels were significantly elevated in overt hypothyroidism compared with subclinical cases (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between serum TSH and CPK (r = 0.435, p < 0.001) and between TSH and creatinine (r = 0.208, p = 0.011). Serum T₄ showed negative correlations with both CPK (r = –0.363, p < 0.001) and creatinine (r = –0.546, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both serum CPK and creatinine levels are significantly elevated in hypothyroidism, particularly in overt cases. The strong correlations between thyroid function tests and these parameters suggest that CPK and creatinine could serve as useful markers for assessing hypothyroidism severity and monitoring treatment response.

Background: Malaria continues to pose significant health challenges globally, with Plasmodium falciparum being the most virulent species contributing to severe complications. This study aims to evaluate the biochemical manifestations of P. falciparum malaria in a tertiary care hospital setting. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the biochemical profile of patients diagnosed with P. falciparum malaria. Patients above 12 years of age presenting with fever and confirmed positive for P. falciparum on peripheral smear were included. Patients with comorbid conditions or other identifiable causes of fever were excluded from the study. Results: Among 962 patients admitted for febrile illness, 100 met the inclusion criteria. The most common clinical feature observed was chills and rigors (82%), followed by headache (42%) and vomiting (36%). Complications included cerebral malaria in 38% of patients, severe anemia (10%), oliguria (26%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1%), hypoglycemia (8%), shock (12%), bleeding manifestations (4%), generalized tonic−clonic seizure (6%), hemoglobinuria (11%), hyperparasitemia (80%), hyperpyrexia (42%), and jaundice (24%). Conclusion: Plasmodium falciparum malaria presents with a diverse biochemical and clinical spectrum, often leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Early recognition and prompt management are essential, and malaria should be considered in patients presenting with febrile illness and systemic complications. This study underscores the importance of vigilant diagnostic approaches in endemic regions.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in southeast Asia, especially in India. Persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are commonly anemic, especially in poor low-socioeconomic population. Here, we assessed the TB treatment outcome in anemic and nonanemic TB patients. Materials and methods: A total of 302 patients more than 18 years old with confirmed PTB were included from Government Medical College-associated hospital, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, in 2023. Anemia severity (mild, moderate, and severe) based on hemoglobin (Hb) estimation. Anemia associated with unfavorable outcome (death, failure, lost to follow-up, regimen modification, or relapse), compared with treatment success (cure or treatment completion). Results: Out of 302 participants, 210 (69.53%) were anemic at baseline. Patients with moderate/severe anemia were more symptomatic and had higher frequencies of unfavorable outcomes compared with the other groups. Severe anemia was associated with unfavorable outcomes like death. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB patient with moderate to severe anemia has significant impact on antitubercular treatment (ATT) outcome and significant risk factor for death.

Stem cells are various cell types that possess the special capability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. In recent decades, they have been investigated and employed for repair and regenerative therapies. In recent years, researchers have dedicated efforts to uncover the function of stem cells in addressing various illnesses. Stem cells have the ability to self-replicate and differentiate into various somatic cells. They would likewise hold a unique role in the future across different clinical areas. Consequently, identifying safe and inexpensive methods to acquire these cells is a primary goal of research. Jaw, facial, and oral tissues are abundant sources of stem cells, which are more easily obtainable than other types of stem cells. The wider use of stem cell-based procedures in dentistry could revolutionize the daily practices and methods that clinicians employ when treating patients. Nearly every area of dentistry could gain from these recent discoveries.

Osteomas are the most prevalent benign tumors found in the head and neck, particularly in the nose and paranasal sinuses. They frequently develop from the regular bone of the sinus spaces. The origin of osteoma development is unclear, although it is believed they arise from trauma or infection. Osteomas are typically asymptomatic and found incidentally, although larger osteomas can produce symptoms due to their mass effect. While prevalent in the nasal cavity and sinuses, osteomas that develop from the external facial skeleton are incredibly uncommon and not thoroughly documented in the literature. This report discusses an uncommon case regarding the diagnosis and surgical treatment of an osteoma located on the zygomatic arch.

Mucormycosis is a severe, potentially fatal invasive fungal infection that arises in immunocompromised persons, typically starting in the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses after inhaling fungal spores. It is triggered by fungi belonging to the Mucorales order and the Mucoraceae family. This infection frequently occurs in the rhinomaxillary area and individuals with weakened immune systems, like those with diabetes. Thus, early detection of this possibly fatal illness and timely intervention is crucial in lowering the death rate.